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More technically, the Night Vision infrared imaging system works with an uncooled focal plane array (UFPA) detector for the sensor and ties into an active matrix liquid crystal display for the HUD. This pyroelectric detector has also been used for military and commercial applications. The detector consists of a barium strontium titanate reticulate structure bonded to a readout integrated circuit. The detector temperatures are stabilized with thermoelectric coolers for peak performance, but there is no attempt to achieve cryogenic temperatures. It's basically a room temperature system.
Each reticulated section corresponds to a single IR detector pixel. The UFPA is 320 infrared sensing elements wide by 240 infrared sensing elements tall. These elements individually respond to the thermal energy emitted by objects in the road scene. Each sensing element is a temperature-dependent capacitor that changes capacitance depending on how much IR it is receiving. A chopper disc rotates in front of the detector to modulate the scene's energy by allowing the pixels to constantly blank on and off. The disc rotates in phase with the detector read-out circuitry timing. The circuit under each element samples capacitance on a regular basis, and these readings are converted into a monochromatic video signal that is imaged on the driver HUD. Significantly, from a maintenance and longevity perspective, no mechanical scanner is required to serially trace out object space to produce the HUD image. Instead, each pixel of the UFPA detector "stares" out into space continuously, the scene energy is modulated, and the road image is then produced in its totality by electronically scanning (reading out) the whole detector array at once.
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